Question 1: Main Elements for Induction Training 

Induction training can be defined as an introductory phase for new workers, contractors and site visitors for conducting work with efficiency securely and according to the organisational guidelines. For the purpose of training, certain things need to be concerned when the organisation provides the training. The essential elements are

• The first element is the general training in which an organisation acquaints its new workers to the organisational mission or vision, structure and historical background of the company (Waibel et al., 2016). 
• The second element is the mandatory training which includes providing knowledge and practical implications of the health and safety and other important areas, including the legal areas.
• The third element includes job training which is providing the knowledge and understanding of the job role. 
• The fourth element is the training evaluation in which the understanding of the provided training is confirmed, and feedback is taken for the quality and responses to the provided training (Biswal, 2018). 

Question 2: The WHS duty holder in an organisation 

WHS implies World Health and Safety. Different countries have laws and guidelines which are called WHS Act (Board, 2019).  WHS duty holders of Australian law are those who are in charge of the country WHS body and are concerned with ensuring that WHS laws are followed in the country and managing those who are accountable to the WHS governing body. Duty holders play an important and significant part in the preservation of the health and safety aspects in an emergency period (Safe Work Australia, 2016). According to the WHS Act, the duty holder is entitled to ensure the health and safety aspects of the concerned country by managing risks related to it. This risk management is done in two ways by the duty holders. Firstly, by complete elimination as far practicable and if that can't be eliminated then the second way which the duty holder adopted is to minimise the chances of arising of such risks.

Question 3: Communication and consultation strategy 

Communication in an organisation is a two-way process in which the workers and stakeholders interact with each other and listen to each other. Listening helps them to understand the other side's perception and issues and speaking will help to reveal their own side perception, both of which help in minimising the risk relating to the organisational operation. The consultation process involves framing policies or guidelines so that the risks can be minimised by the discussion of the management with its workers or their representative bodies. Both the process helps the workers to understand their role and importance of implementing an efficient WHS management system (Tafe, 2020). The strategies include; 

• Good speaking skill is a strong basis of communication which attracts the other side listeners. The employee representative committee needs to have good speakers.
• Face to face interaction can minimise various problems which require a meeting with the staff member at a regular interval.
• Providing attention to the employees or staff members is very crucial in the workplace. Employees performance and training process needs to be reviewed for improving and developing (Fraser & Simkins, 2016).
• The management committee must invest a considerable amount on developing and enhancing the communication program.
• The workplace will also motivate and encourage the employees to provide their opinion and feedback for any decision-making process. 

Question 4: Part of the WHS human resources required in an organisation 

The human resource of WHS means all those people who work for ensuring the WHS within a workplace. These people are a very crucial part as they contribute to minimising safety health-related risks within the organisation and ensure proper functioning. The first aspect of these human resources is the line manager working in different areas. The line managers need to be aware of the WHS guidelines of their specific areas which they need to convey to the employees working under them (Townsend et al., 2016). The second aspect of human resources is the workers. For organisation managers are the representatives of the management body, who work with the help of other workers. For WHS management, workers need to be an active contributor by being aware of the WHS rules and guidelines and ensuring its maintenance during operation (Varghese et al., 2020).

Question 5: Benefits of consultation and participation of a company 

Within the workplace, participation and consultation are important aspects. Consultation enabled informed responses based on opinion, which helped an organisation in the decision-making process. Participation allows the workers to be a part of the decision-making aspect of the company which fosters and develops organisational performance (Fair Work, 2020). The responses of the worker depend upon their participation in which they are expected to inform about any unlikely or hazardous situation so that the required measurements can be implemented. For ensuring organisational health and safety, employee participation and consultation helps to prevent or minimise the chances of risk or threat situation, enhancing the organisational safety and employee's health.  

Question 6: Determining appropriate action for WHS related issues 

Risk management in the context of WHS related issues needs to be conducted systematically and sequentially within a workplace to eliminate or minimise it.  The four steps of WHS risk management are; 

• The first step is to recognise or identify the hazard or the issues that have emerged within the organisation. This identification will include exploring the causes that have led to such hazardous issues (CCOHS, 2020). 
• The second step includes the assessment of the identified risk that will include the identification of the probable harm that can be caused due to the erupted hazards and the possible effect of the hazard on the livelihood of the employees.
• The third step involves controlling the assessed risks by implementing specific measures and procedures that can be effective (Potter et al., 2019).
• The last step includes reviewing the managed risks, which include assessing the control measures to ensure that they are functioning according to the expected way.

Question 7: Importance of consultation and participation  

The employer's needs to have adequate knowledge about the right time they can consult with the workers. The employers must consult in certain situations which are as follows

• Any risk or hazardous issues arise within a workplace and is well identified by the employees.
• The employees need to eliminate and discard those risks by making certain crucial decisions which must be conducted through consultation (Thrive At Work, 2020).  
• Sometimes workplace situations and safety facilities need to be changed or renovated, which needs to be done by consulting with the workers.
• The consultation also helps in deciding on matters such as consulting methods, solving safety-related problems, observing workers' health conditions and providing knowledge and training.

Question 8: Examples of dangerous occurrences 

Five dangerous occurrences related to real working life examples are as follows

1. Incidents within the workplace

In daily organisational operations, some common dangerous and accident occurrences are common such as electrical incidents such as causing explosion and fire, lifting equipment, the collapse of the scaffolding, wells and pipeline works, train collision, biological agents, diving operations etc.

2. Incidents in the workplace other than offshore

This incident includes construction collapses, explosion, fire, the release of flammable gas or liquid or leaking of the hazardous elements (Smith, 2016). 

3. Incident at specific working areas 

Incidents related to the offshore workplace such as mine explosion, quarry accidents, transport collision or accidents. 

4. Methane and coal related accidents 

Methane is highly explosive material which trapped under the layers of coal. Due to this factor frequently, it is found that the mining fields suffering from blasting oriented accidents that negatively impact on the life of workers. 

5. Premature blasts 

Oftentimes in the mining filed the blasts are taking place during an unwanted time. This can take place due to carelessness of mining charges, explosives or even due to a faulty fuse. 

These three are the main five types of accidents or hazardous occurrences that can be perceived in daily life.

Question 9: Hazards due to change in the workplace

Workplace changes are a necessity sometimes. But it enhances risks which are identified as follows:

• The first risk elements are due to the change of working employees of the workplace. The new and unfamiliar nature of work can create workplace occurrence risks for newcomers. With the retirement of the existing employees, the company faces a vacancy of knowledge that can help in risk management situations.
• Secondly, the company sometimes opted for process change which involved a change in the working patterns guidelines, working nature etc. these changes necessitate proper knowledge and training providing process otherwise can foster or enhances risks (Riskcom, 2019).
• Thirdly, the company can make changes in its products which accelerate the level of risks in the workplace. The new work demands new methods of production and use of new equipment which are unfamiliar for the workers (Wang et al., 2018).  

Question 10: Five categories of controlled measures for identified risks 

Five categories of the risk controlling measures are 

• Eliminate the hazards - the first controlling measures deals with eliminating the identified risk immediately so that it cannot affect the organisational performance.
• Minimising the risk - when it is not possible to eliminate the risk completely, the organisation adopts measures to minimise the level of its effect as much as possible.
• Isolate the hazards - the third category involves restrictions of employees or workers to access those areas or equipment that can be hazardous (Conserve, 2018).
• Utilize administrative controls by providing appropriate knowledge and training related to safety issues and health hazards to the workers within the workplace that can help them to be careful
• Use of protective equipment within the workplace can also help to prevent or minimise the effect of any hazards, which includes gas musk, earmuffs, safety shoes, safety uniform. Safety caps etc.

Question 11: Inadequacy in risk control 

In the existing risks control measures of an organisation if inadequacies are identified, then the risk control measure needs to be reviewed, which will include, monitoring assessment and identification of the aspects which need improvement. Monitoring processes involve the changes in work procedures, working rules and regulations, work nature and all other aspects that are associated with the safety of the working (Keating, 2020). The assessment process includes reviewing the structure and the risk controlling measures minutely. This assessment will lead to the final stage that is improvement identification which includes incorporating external and internal proportions to the existing structure and document it for further assistance.

Question 12: Continuous improvement 

The continuous improvement process is essential for organizational activity. The framework presents a way to craft a beneficial threat control application together along with your organisation. It is customized to the organisation's surroundings and state of affairs (Schenkelberg, 2020). As the surroundings or state of affairs adjust, the system needs adjustment. Carefully tracking the threat control system and the context it operates will offer possibilities to enforce upgrades on the system.