OODP101 Object Oriented Design And Programming: Content Analysis Assessment 5 Answer

Introduction

In order to serve an individual, an object requires methods possess and processes clustered collectively. The 'item design' describes that you can communicate with an object. The existence of these objects defines an object-oriented programme. The methodology of describing relationships between objects is object-oriented design to address a problem that was defined and recorded during object-oriented research.

On the basis of the concept of "objects," object-oriented programming (OOP ) is a programming framework that can encompass data and functions: documents among type of areas (even referred to as qualities or possessions), or plugin even in texture of processes (even referred to as approaches).

Background Information

Today, the most common programming technique among institutions of higher education is the Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) methodology. For students enrolled, though, learning OOP is an intellectually demanding task. For both OOP concepts and languages, mainly Java, many difficulties and misconceptions have been documented in the literature. This analysis relies on the evaluation and development of research on its most key fundamentals of OOP, namely the concepts of "object" and "class" and their function during the execution of the programme.

Content Analysis

Week 1 (An Overview of Computers and Programming)

Theoretical Discussion

A modern computer is a series of interconnected devices that research and data input, output, process , and store. Usually, computer programs are constructed around at least one digital signal processing appliance. There are 5 major input devices in a personal computer: Entry, Processing , Storage, Display and Interaction tools.

Interpretations of the contents 

Program-logic

Guidelines to solve a problem in a programme organised in a specified order. Offer many developers a specification, and each is likely to generate different system specifications. It does not mind as long as the application runs. What will important is the consistency of the reasoning when somebody else needs to change the code later on. The specification of the requirements and design of the software is software logic. If the user 's architecture is poor, it is still possible to effectively execute the programming code.

Steps involve in writing a program

There are the following steps involved in writing a sequencer:

• Make things clear Priorities & Clients
• Explain the appropriate production
• Make clear required inclusion
• Specify the processing needed
• Double-verify the viability of system development
• Record the review

Outcome

Encoding languages are developed environments that enable a machine to be directed and computational knowledge to be shared; they have a significant impact on society as they encompass every other object of information systems, and it is at the root of the software configuration technology explosion. Technologies, diversifying, horizontal movements and social influences mark the background of languages; however, it provides an intermediate case study between the evolution of human languages and the evolution of technology.

Week 2 (Variables and their manipulations Simple input and output)

Theoretical Discussion

Object-Oriented programming refers to systems of scripting that are using artifacts. Object-oriented programming attempted to facilitate real-world concepts such as inheritance, concealment, polymorphism etc. in code. OOP's primary aim is to link the data and the processes running on them together so that almost no part of the code can access this data, even that feature.

Interpretations of the contents 

Factors in Java

A parameter is a term which is applied to a program memory. In an education program, it is the basic shipping container.

• During execution the value of a scheme, contained in a parameter may be modified.
• A parameter is only a word provided to a program memory; all operations are carried out on effects of the calculation from that program memory.
• In Java, all parameters should be defined before they can be used.

Data types in Java

Declare a Constant in Java

• You have to use the keyword 'final' to transform an ordinary variable into a constant.
• As just a convention, in capital letters, we compose constant to distinguish them from ordinary variables.
• Javac (the Java Compiler) sends an error message if you attempt to modify a constant in the programme. This occurs because only once can you assign a value to a constant.

Outcome

Simple input and output

Calculate the perimeter of a circle with the radius of the following values:

R = 10 cm.

R = 25 cm.

class Test { 

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        final double Pi = 3.1415926536;

        /* 

        Since the constant Pi is a floating point variable, we have to make variables length1 and length2 

        either float or double.

        /*

        double lengthl = 2*Pi*10;

        double length2 = 2*Pi*25;

        System.out.println ("The perimeter of a circle with a radius of 10 cm. is " + lengthl + ", and the 

perimeter of a circle with a radius of 25 cm. is " + length2);

    }

}

Output:

final double Pi = 3.1415926536;

Week 3 (Understanding Programming Structures)

Theoretical Discussion

Such functions are also known as modules, subprogram, subroutines and processes in structured programming design; programmes are divided into different functions.

Interpretations of the contents 

Sequences, selections, and loops

A sequence is a set of acts in a particular order that is finished. Until all of the acts in the series were taken across, Action 1 is performed, then Action 2, then Action 3, etc.

The selections are a little different. They pose a question rather than following a specific chronology of things, in order to find out which direction to take next.

A loop is the third development kit. Loops make comments just like choices. The distinction, though, is that they ask the same thing again and again, before a certain task is done.

Outcome

The opportunities of the component impacting someone else have been mitigated by programming language. It helped to write clearer applications. This caused the disappearance of global variables and replaced them with local variables. The memory allocation space occupied by the global variable can be saved due to this update. His company made it easy to understand the programming logic. To make the logic behind the programmes easily understood. 

Week 4 (Understanding Programming Structures)

Theoretical Discussion

Java includes 3 continuation laws / looping statements that allow developers, as well as the continuity condition remains true, to monitor the implementation details by periodically performing a set of statements. They ask for these three looping sentences, while, for, and do ... while sentences.

The structure of all kinds of loops is normal, such as:

• A control variable, called the counter of the loop, exists.
• It is important to initialize the control variable; in other words, it has to have an initial value.
• Increment / decrement of the control variable, which is updated every time the loop is iterated.
• The state of the loop determines whether the looping should proceed or whether the programme should break from it.

Interpretations of the contents 

Loops in Java

• While loop: A while loop is a regular expression declaration that produces a result repetitively depending on the given loops. The while loop can be conceived of as a term that persists if.
• For loop: The loop provides a concise way for the system of controls to be published. In comparison to a while loop, A for statement consumes the setup, situation and increase / decrease in a horizontal strand, thus offering a simpler, better looping structure to monitor.
• Do while: Do while loop would be the same as while loop with just the exception that it tests for situation since performing the sentences, and is an example of Exit Control Loop.

Outcome

Control structures change a statement execution 's natural sequential flow. Loops allow repeated execution of a block of statements without actually writing them down multiple times.

Week 5 (Arrays and basic Array operations)

Theoretical Discussion

An assortment is a category of parameter of similar types of which a common word applies. Arrays look different in Java than they ever could in C / C++. The following are the key information regarding Java sets.

• In Java, all arrays are ways of determining to
• Because ranges in Java are objects, we may using the duration of the object attribute to calculate their length. This is separate from C / C++, when we find duration utilizing size.
• After the data sort, a Java array parameter may like many parameters, it will be listed.
• The parameters are mentioned throughout the list and each one has an index beginning with 0.

· The Java assortment could also be used as a cloud framework, as a random value or as a parameter for a function.

Interpretations of the contents 

There are two components to an array declaration: the type and the name. Type declares the array's element type. The type of element specifies the type of data for each element comprising the array. We may also construct an array of other primitive data types, such as char, float, double, etc., or user-defined data types (class objects), including an array of integers. The element type for the array therefore defines what type of data the array is going to carry.

Week 6 (Part 1-Programming and coding standards & Part 2- Developing and implementing test plans)

Theoretical Discussion

Objective of getting coding standards:

• A coding framework includes the codes written by various technicians a consistent presentation.
• It enhances the understandability and management of the code, and also cuts down.
• This makes reuse and allows to rapidly poke fun.
• It encourages sound includes preventive and improves developers' productivity.

Developing and implementing test plans

In several projects, testing is performed after development when most of the code those who've written is tested by the programmer. The programme is deployed until the programmers are satisfied with their software and the phase moves on to alpha or beta testing.

Interpretations of the contents 

Some of the coding standards are given below:

• Restricted global use
• Basic drivers for multiple components
• Conventions for identifying local variables, global variables, constants and features
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• Error greatest picks of exception managing standards
• Avoid using a coding standard that is too difficult to understand.
• Prevent to use a multipurpose identifier
• The code must be well known.
• Depth of functions should never be quite big

Outcome

• Regulations for coding enhance the application’s productivity and shorten the length for growth.
• Coding guidelines help in the early stages to detect errors, this allows the extra costs generated by given project to be minimized.

Week 7 (Code Modularization)

Theoretical Discussion

Modular software is code that is split into different modules. The concept is that specific frameworks' inner descriptions must be hidden under a transparent gui, easier to understand, test and recompile each framework separately of everyone else.

Modularity is not really about the arrangement of codes. You can have code that appears standardized, but doesn't feel customizable. In several frameworks and dlls, you can structure the software, but that code can still reveal its private details and have dynamic interconnections by expectations about other sections of the code.

Interpretations of the contents 

Compare the two cases (1). The blue variable learns directly about both the blue variable in the situation to the left. It could explicitly refer with a global name to other subsystem; it could use the same module's internal functions which are recklessly revealed. In either case, this will tear if that item scale is not there.

Each module only knows about an user network in the situation on the right and nothing else about the other module. Any other module that implements the same interface can be used by the blue module; more specifically, the orange module can alter internally as long as the public interface remains consistent and can be replaced with a new implementation, such as a testing mock object.

Outcome

The application does not really have a module system besides the ability to load android-containing files. Under the windows function, all in the source scope of such files is injected directly into wide perspective in same order that the script tags were defined.

Week 8

Theoretical Discussion

Array List

Array List is one of the management system which is included in the package java.util. In Java, it supplies us all with complex sets. However, this can be slower that regular arrays, although it can be effective in applications where array requires a lot of control. This class is found in a program called java.util.

Interpretations of the contents 

Doing a variety of Array List operations:

• Adding Elements: We could use the add () method in way to extend an element to the Array List. In order to perform several operations based on different factors, this approach is overloaded.
• Changing Elements: After adding elements, it can be accomplished using the set() function if we're to change an item. Since the Array List is indexed, the component that we'd like to alter is indexed by the item index. This approach also involves a list and a modified component that requires to be added into that index.
• Removing Elements: We can use the remove () method to delete an item from the Array List. This process is overloaded, based on different parameters, to perform several procedures. 
• Iterating the Array List: The Array List offers various ways to configure. The most important techniques are to get component at a specific index and the sophisticated for loop while using the simple for loops in conjunction with a get () process.

Outcome

• Array List acquires the class AbstractList and follows the application List.
• The Array List is a size initialization. The size, however, is added and the solution if the set expands or gets smaller if the items is withdrawn from the collection.
• Java Array List enables one to access the list at random.

Week 9

Theoretical Discussion

Constructors in Java

To initialize the object's state, constructors are used. A function Object () { [native code] } also includes A set of statements (i.e. instructions) that are implemented, such as functions, at the moment of entity creation.

Destructors in java

A destructor is an adverse stigma that is automatically called as soon as an object's existence-cycle is completed. In order to de-allocate and release memory, a destructor is named. When a destructor is called, the preceding tasks are executed. Releasing the locks for release.

Interpretations of the contents 

Constructors have been used to construct the illustration of a class when working with modules in Java. Storage is allocated to an item by using Object) ({[native code]} feature, and after the lifespan of the item is complete and the item is no more in use, the storage has to be located and published. This is where Java's destroyer comes into the picture.

Outcome

Setter and Getter methods

Getter or setter is two traditional techniques in Java that are utilize to obtain and modify a variable's value. So, a setter is a process that changes a variable's value. And a getter is a technique that checks a variable's value. Getter and setter are also referred to in Java as accessor and mutator.

Week 10 (Principles of Object Oriented Design and programming)

Theoretical Discussion

Object-oriented programming puts together a set of variables (properties) and functions (methods) into an object-called unit. These objects are organized into classes where it is possible to group individual objects together. OOP will assist you in considering objects in the code of a programme and the various acts that may happen in relation to the objects.

Interpretations of the contents 

Encapsulation

Encapsulation is: 

• Connecting the information with the software that seeks to control it.
• This safeguards the data and code from external intrusion.

Inheritance

Inheritance is the process through which an object adds to the value of some or more of another object. The theory of binary structure is supported by it.

Polymorphism

Polymorphism means manipulating objects differently according to their type of data. In other words, for a certain class of operation, it implies one process with many executions. And, depending on the case, which implementation to use is determined at runtime.

Week 11

Theoretical Discussion

An array of objects, all of whose elements are of the same class, can be declared as an array of any built-in type. Each element of the array is an object in that class. This way, being able to declare object arrays underlines the fact that a class is equivalent to a category.

Conclusion

Extensive experiment was undertaken in order to better understand the difficulties and perceptions of students when exposed to OOP. The analysis of this study identified many problems and inconsistencies surrounding the most basic concepts of OOP, the "object" and "class" concepts that are the subject of this paper. The systematic review conducted out found that the "object / class" and "class / collection" redefinition are perhaps the most quoted myths, while the most referenced problems relate to modelling-understanding the class as an abstraction / model of some type of object / entity in the problem domain and, of course, programme dynamics