HOTL6005 Research Proposal On Tourism Contribution To Global Trade And Economic Growth Assessment 1 Answer

Course- HOTL6005 Applied Hotel Research

 Title of your research- Tourism contribution to global trade and economic growth

Introduction 

The selected topic is of great importance as the travel and tourism industry is a vital area for worldwide employment generation. Increasing the flow of tourism will bring significant economic benefits for nations particularly in terms of gross domestic product (GDP) and career growth for young individuals (Pedak 2018). The tourism sector is a driver of industrial growth and Economic growth in South Asian nations. The overall contribution of the tourism industry to the international economy exceeded US$8.7 trillion in 2016 (equating to 10.3 per cent of global GDP) (Cook and Singh 2018). It is a low-capital, employment-intensive sector with an economic driver which creates an ability at a low social expense to gain foreign exchange. Tourism is an important promoter for both social and economic developments. This research proposal centres on the formulated research question “tourism contribution to global trade and economic growth”. Also, it deals with the analysis of background overview of the statement, aim of the research, research questions, and annotated bibliography of three peer-reviewed research articles, proposed methodology and data collection methods followed by timeline including a Gantt chart.

Research overview/Background  

Tourism has been significant social growth and advancement in cultures all along. It is inspired by every individual's innate urge for new experience and knowledge, exploration, entertainment and education. Social, cultural and corporate interests are also the motivation for tourism. The growth in education has generated a need to learn more about various areas of the world. As information gaps are taken over by technical advancements, the simple human desire for new abilities and expertise has grown higher. Advances in air travel and tourism services have inspired individuals to travel out to foreign lands.

The importance of tourism as an element of economic growth and job development, especially in remote and disadvantaged regions, has been well established throughout the world (Raza et al. 2020). Tourism is the most critical economic field, which has the potential to expand at a fast pace and can help destinations evolve significantly (Raza et al. 2020). Through the forward and backward relations with sectors such as horticulture, agriculture, handicraft, poultry, shipping, manufacturing, etc., it has the ability to stimulate other sectors of the economy. A sequence of transactions involving the procurement of goods and services from these relevant industries is promoted by tourism expenditure. This research question becomes highly relevant and significant due to many factors such as the need for consumption, stemming from tourist spending, often produces more jobs and has a multiplier impact on the economy (Ozcan et al. 2017). As a consequence, through such partnerships, increased productivity and wealth opportunities are created. The development of the tourism sector will also contribute to the creation of large-scale jobs and the alleviation of poverty (Mtembu and Mutambara 2018). Also, this becomes tourism economic research.  

Problem statement 

Tourism has grown over the past six decades and became one of the world's main economic markets. In 2010, tourism contributed around 5 to 8 per cent to the gross domestic product (GDP) and 6 and 9 per cent to world jobs, depending on completely different research methods (Andrades and Dimanche 2017). Although the contribution of travel and tourism to GDP in some developed economies may be marginal, tourism might produce a substantial share of GDP and jobs in some emerging destinations. The foreign tourist arrivals have fallen from 95 to 54 per cent in six decades in many countries (Sæþórsdóttir et al. 2020). Although support for tourism as an urban development tool, its ability may not be completely appreciated and significant questions remain that tourism will help create a more sustainable and fair economic world order without foreign political interference and profound restructuring of global political systems.

It raises revenue through the exploiting the cultural and natural attractions of the host nation and encourages conservation and caring for the environment (Ghoddousi et al. 2018). It is important to remember, though that the results of tourism are not uni-directional since they are very dynamic, transient and can be location-specific and time-specific and contingent on several variables. As a consequence, tourism growth does not offer a nation sustainable economic advantages, may cause inflation, and may contribute to environmental destruction and economic dependence (Aslan et al. 2020. Therefore it is impractical to consider tourism to be a magical cure that will fix all the underdevelopment issues and narrow the economic gap seen between the developing world and the remainder. Therefore, this study will focus on specific variables that how tourism contributes to economic development. Also, it is important to create ways that promote tourism and economic developments with means such as sustainable tourism and hence this study become more significant.

Aim of research

The aim of the research is to know how tourism contribution to global trade and economic growth.

Research question/s 

The following research questions would direct the planned research based on the intent, objectives, and aim of the work:

1. How tourism contributes to economic growth
2. What is the impact of International tourism on economic growth?
3. What are the factors influencing the contribution of tourism towards economic growth?

Annotated bibliography 

Annotated bibliography 1 

Li, K.X., Jin, M. and Shi, W., 2018. Tourism as an important impetus to promoting economic growth: A critical review. Tourism Management Perspectives, 26, pp.135-142. 

The article by Li et al. 2018 explained the rationale why tourism, from the viewpoint of assessing its economic effects, contributes to reducing poverty, productivity and competitiveness, and the effects of a variety of external economic influences, is an impetus for fostering economic development. This is a critical analysis and was carried out by selecting 346 papers released between 2000-2014 from 11 tourism-focused articles. The primary outcomes are summarized. First, previous surveys have confirmed the significant economic benefits of tourism in certain cases, but not all. Second, tourism will lead to poverty reduction through prices, incomes, and government revenue sources. This study is of high relevance with the proposed study as it clearly identified the aim and shows the factors that are responsible for economic growth through tourism development. It can be finely analyzed that the main determinants of tourism profitability and efficiency are manpower, assets, infrastructure, the environment, investment, revenues, and other external economic influences.

Annotated bibliography 2 

Danish and Wang, Z., 2018. The dynamic relationship between tourism, economic growth, and environmental quality. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 26(11), pp.1928-1943.

Next, the study by Danish and Wang 2018 shows the complex relationship between tourism, economic development and CO2 emissions between 1995 to 2014. To obtain reliable and impartial outcomes, a set of econometric tests resistant to variability and cross-sectional dependency was implemented. Empirical results indicate that economic development is greatly promoted by the tourism industry, but tourism affects the quality of the climate. Globalization also has a long-term correlation to economic development, but a negligible link to CO2 pollution. Furthermore, long-term permeability recommends that investment promotes economic activity and mitigates the emissions of CO2. This study shows a significant relation to the problem statement and helps in analysing the relationship between tourism and economic development along with their adverse effects on the environment. The authors highlight this by the atmospheric Kuznets curve (EKC) plays a significant role in globalisation and tourism in BRICS countries. Additionally, between tourist receipts and CO2 pollution, a diverse panel non-causality examination detects bi-directional cause and effect. This adds to my knowledge of both positive and adverse effects of tourism on the economy.  

Annotated bibliography 3 

Nene, G. and Taivan, A., 2017. Causality between tourism and economic growth: evidence from sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The Journal of Developing Areas, 51(2), pp.155-169.

This research aims to explain the correlation between economic growth and tourism development in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Explicitly, the current analysis uses annual time series data covering the period 1994-2014 to analyses the causal relationships regarding tourism production and economic growth of 10 South Asian countries. For each nation included within the survey, the methodological approach consists of unit root checks, cointegration analysis, modelling for vector error detection and Granger causality checking. Also, results show that for 40 per cent and 60 per cent of the country used in the report, the findings indicated acceptance for the economic growth-driven tourism creation hypothesis and the tourism-driven growth concept. This study is of great importance as it uses authentic testing tools which add to the reliability of the results and enhance accuracy. Further, the study provides recommendation for other sectors to associate with tourism to enhance revenue generation which I turn will add to economic development. This study meets our study aim to a great extent.

Proposed research method and data collection 

Proposed Research method

The multiple aspects of this quantitative analysis will be used in this study. It addresses the proper design, type, testing techniques, setting, sampling and methods of data collection. As for the nature of the study, a cross-sectional survey and empirical analysis will be undertaken.  The analysis would use random sampling or probability sampling. From the higher population, a randomized sample will be selected. 

Data sources

The system of the questionnaire would allow the researcher to gather all the relevant data collected from tourism-based auxiliary network operators and service providers and tourism company managers within study locations. The procedure for securing individual beings would be based on an informed consent form.

Timeline (Gantt chart to be included) 

Gantt chart